Statistical Tools Research Articles

Adverse Effects Post COVID-19 Vaccination and its Association with Age, Gender and Comorbid Disease in Basrah City Southern of Iraq.

Vaccination against COVID-19 virus is the most valuable tool available for protection during the pandemic of coronavirus. The clinical manifestation post-vaccination is a barrier to vaccination for many people in Iraq and worldwide. The objective of this study is identifying various clinical manifestations occurring after receiving vaccines among individuals in Basrah Governorate. Moreover, we examine its association with respondents' demographics and the type of vaccine they received. A cross-section study was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq. Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic statistical tools using the SPSS program. Most of the participants (86.68%) received the vaccine. The side effects were reported in 71.61% of vaccinated individuals. Fever and muscle pain were the two most experienced clinical manifestations, while lymph node enlargement and disturbances in taste and/or smell sensations were reported infrequently. Adverse effects were mostly reported with the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine receiver. Females and those in the younger age group also reported a significantly higher incidence of side effects. Most adverse effects related to the COVID-19 vaccine were minor and could be tolerated without the need for hospital admission.

Etude expérimentale des performances technicoéconomiques et environnementales de l’agriculture de conservation dans les régions semi-arides en Tunisie

Conservation agriculture, based on direct seeding, offers an ecological production method based on an integrated and sustainable management of mulch and soil resources. The techno-economic and environmental impacts of this production alternative are variable depending on the production system and the agroecological zone. This work aims to assess different impacts of conservation agriculture compared to conventional agriculture, using a set of agronomic, economic and environmental indicators at the scale of an experimental station. The experimental device combines a set of crop rotations, in rainfall and irrigated system under conventional and conservation agriculture. The analytical methodological framework used the tools of descriptive statistics and multidimensional analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA). Results show the added value of conservation agriculture, which has higher economic and agronomic performance and positive environmental benefits.

Survey of emerging technologies and return on investment in oil palm business in south-south states of Nigeria

The difference between the oil palm business in developed economy like Malaysia and that in less developed economy like Nigeria can be traced to technological advancement. Therefore there is continuous search for production and processing technologies that can drive development of the oil palm value chain. The broad objective of the study was to investigate the effect of innovative technologies on performance of oil palm business in South-South geo-political States of Nigeria. The study employed a multi-stage sampling procedure. Well validated structured questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as mean, Percentage, Standard Deviation, Frequency Distribution Table, enterprise budgeting, and ordinary least square regression analysis. Socioeconomic characteristics of operators were diverse, with a predominance of young, married, male farmers (60.9%) engaged in small-scale production (mean farm size: 13.2 hectares). Traditional tools still dominated harvesting, but hydraulic press (adopted by 71.1%) and automated mills (5.3%) were adopted for processing. Value addition was substantially improved by processing technology and harvesting equipment in the South-South States of Nigeria. The study concluded that appropriate innovative technologies positively impacted profitability, efficiency, product quality, sustainability, and competitiveness. Training, subsidies and robust extension services to promote adoption of innovative technologies in the South-South States of Nigeria were recommended. The study has contributed to existing body of knowledge by affirming the central role of innovation in profit function and sustainability in the oil palm sector.

Методика определения потерь участковой скорости движения грузовых поездов в границах железной дороги

Purpose: to develop a methodology for estimating the total losses of the local speed of freight trains, which, unlike existing methods based on calculating losses caused by the influence of individual operational factors, will be based on the use of statistical data, and take into account the entire range of operational factors that influence the implementation of the indicator under consideration. Methods: formation of a statistical database of railway operational parameters and conducting research on its basis using the tools of probability theory and mathematical statistics: assessing the distribution of the quantities under consideration, correlation and regression analysis. Results: it was established that 75 % of the variability in the local speed of freight trains is explained by changes in the size of the operating fleet of freight cars. Based on this, a methodology has been developed for estimating losses in the local speed of freight trains through the size of the working fleet of freight cars on the railway. A graphical and analytical method for determining these losses is proposed. Practical significance: it is shown that the developed methodology, in contrast to existing ones, makes it possible to more accurately estimate the loss of local speed of freight trains. Its use makes it possible to plan and analyze the implementation of the local speed of freight trains, taking into account the evolving operational work on the railway.

A Comparative Analysis of Risk and Return Among chosen companies against the Benchmark Index in NSE.

In the current scenario of high volatility in the stock exchange, it's crucial for investors to make informed decisions. The surge of millennial investors into the market, aiming for substantial returns, highlights the importance of a solid grasp of statistical tools and measures for sound decision-making. This study delves into the risk and return analysis of various stocks alongside their benchmark indices to decode the stock movements in relation to the market. The primary goal for any investor is to amplify profits while minimizing risks. This research aids investors by offering insights into various statistical methods for analyzing stock risks and returns.

Sustainable production of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals using design of experiments

Currently, numerous renewable biomass resources are incinerated as waste or used as livestock feed. By directing these resources to the production of nanomaterials, the commercial value of what was considered mere waste increases considerably. Lignin-containing nanocellulose, for instance, can be produced under mild conditions and has unique properties that make it suitable for a wide variety of applications in different fields, including the textile industry. In the present study, we used Cocus nucifera husks as a source of cellulose to synthesize lignin-containing nanocellulose. To optimize the production process, we employed the Design of Experiments statistical tool to identify the optimal conditions. This wholly chemical-treatment-free process yielded two distinct populations of lignin-containing nanocellulose – 7.35% nanocrystals (13.95 nm in diameter and 200 nm in length) and 92.65% nanofibers (10–20 nm in diameter), both highly stable and capable of being adsorbed onto cotton fabric fibers. This study lays a foundation for the future production and application of green lignin-containing nanocellulose.

Investigating Risk and Return Dynamics in Equities of Selected 10 Firms: A Five-Year Study (2019-2023)

This five-year study (2019-2023) delves into the intricate dynamics of risk and return within equity markets, focusing on ten selected firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Through meticulous analysis, leveraging existing literature and empirical evidence, the research aims to empower stakeholders with evidence-based insights to optimize portfolio performance and manage risks effectively. Employing descriptive research methodology, secondary data was collected from various sources including the NSE website, publications, and journals. Statistical tools such as standard deviation and correlation matrices were utilized to assess risk and return profiles. The findings reveal diverse performance trajectories among the selected companies, with some exhibiting stable returns while others experiencing significant fluctuations. The scatter plot analysis highlights a potential positive correlation between risk and return, underscoring the importance of considering both factors in investment decisions. Additionally, the correlation matrix heatmap aids in identifying pairs of companies with complementary return patterns, facilitating portfolio diversification.The study recommends cautious consideration of the risk-return tradeoff, emphasizing the need for investors to align investment strategies with their risk tolerance and financial objectives. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of equity market dynamics, providing actionable insights for investors to navigate volatile market conditions effectively.

Can propensity score matching replace randomized controlled trials?

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have long been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal relationships in clinical research. Despite that, various limitations of RCTs prevent its widespread implementation, ranging from the ethicality of withholding potentially-lifesaving treatment from a group to relatively poor external validity due to stringent inclusion criteria, amongst others. However, with the introduction of propensity score matching (PSM) as a retrospective statistical tool, new frontiers in establishing causation in clinical research were opened up. PSM predicts treatment effects using observational data from existing sources such as registries or electronic health records, to create a matched sample of participants who received or did not receive the intervention based on their propensity scores, which takes into account characteristics such as age, gender and comorbidities. Given its retrospective nature and its use of observational data from existing sources, PSM circumvents the aforementioned ethical issues faced by RCTs. Majority of RCTs exclude elderly, pregnant women and young children; thus, evidence of therapy efficacy is rarely proven by robust clinical research for this population. On the other hand, by matching study patient characteristics to that of the population of interest, including the elderly, pregnant women and young children, PSM allows for generalization of results to the wider population and hence greatly increases the external validity. Instead of replacing RCTs with PSM, the synergistic integration of PSM into RCTs stands to provide better research outcomes with both methods complementing each other. For example, in an RCT investigating the impact of mannitol on outcomes among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial, the baseline characteristics of comorbidities and current medications between treatment and control arms were significantly different despite the randomization protocol. Therefore, PSM was incorporated in its analysis to create samples from the treatment and control arms that were matched in terms of these baseline characteristics, thus providing a fairer comparison for the impact of mannitol. This literature review reports the applications, advantages, and considerations of using PSM with RCTs, illustrating its utility in refining randomization, improving external validity, and accounting for non-compliance to protocol. Future research should consider integrating the use of PSM in RCTs to better generalize outcomes to target populations for clinical practice and thereby benefit a wider range of patients, while maintaining the robustness of randomization offered by RCTs.

Triangulating Truth and Reaching Consensus on Population Size, Prevalence, and More: Modeling Study.

Population size, prevalence, and incidence are essential metrics that influence public health programming and policy. However, stakeholders are frequently tasked with setting performance targets, reporting global indicators, and designing policies based on multiple (often incongruous) estimates of these variables, and they often do so in the absence of a formal, transparent framework for reaching a consensus estimate. This study aims to describe a model to synthesize multiple study estimates while incorporating stakeholder knowledge, introduce an R Shiny app to implement the model, and demonstrate the model and app using real data. In this study, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to synthesize multiple study estimates that allow the user to incorporate the quality of each estimate as a confidence score. The model was implemented as a user-friendly R Shiny app aimed at practitioners of population size estimation. The underlying Bayesian model was programmed in Stan for efficient sampling and computation. The app was demonstrated using biobehavioral survey-based population size estimates (and accompanying confidence scores) of female sex workers and men who have sex with men from 3 survey locations in a country in sub-Saharan Africa. The consensus results incorporating confidence scores are compared with the case where they are absent, and the results with confidence scores are shown to perform better according to an app-supplied metric for unaccounted-for variation. The utility of the triangulator model, including the incorporation of confidence scores, as a user-friendly app is demonstrated using a use case example. Our results offer empirical evidence of the model's effectiveness in producing an accurate consensus estimate and emphasize the significant impact that the accessible model and app offer for public health. It offers a solution to the long-standing problem of synthesizing multiple estimates, potentially leading to more informed and evidence-based decision-making processes. The Triangulator has broad utility and flexibility to be adapted and used in various other contexts and regions to address similar challenges.

What is the connection between Gen Y employees' loyalty, satisfaction, and workplace spirituality?

Maintaining and enhancing employee loyalty and satisfaction has always been a top priority for management in every firm. This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace spirituality, loyalty, and Generation Y employees at private organisations in Indonesia. A quantitative approach with descriptive and verification analysis techniques is used to see the picture and examine the relationship between variables. Data and information were obtained from a sample of 132 people, through the process of distributing questionnaires and surveys. Data analysis using statistical software calculation tools. The results showed that each variable has a fairly high criterion. Employee loyalty is significantly influenced by workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. The results demonstrate that workers who uphold spiritual principles at work are more likely to desire to remain with the company. The theoretical contribution of this study is that Generation Y employee loyalty can be increased by increasing job satisfaction and workplace spirituality. The growth of spiritual values needs to be supported by creating a spiritual work environment, providing fair remuneration is expected to foster loyal attitudes and behavior of employees. Research is limited to Y-generation and to objects in private tertiary institutions in Garut Regency where there is a possibility of cultural similarities, therefore further research is suggested with a wider scope.

Reading cultures – Towards a clearer, more inclusive description

Background: This article describes how the National Reading Barometer project has redefined the concept of ‘reading culture’ in South Africa.Objectives: As expressed in the 2023 National Reading Survey (N = 4250) and the 2023 National Reading Barometer, a clearer description of reading cultures was developed to describe both individual reading practices (measured through the survey) and the national reading ecosystem (measured through the barometer).Method: We describe the survey and statistical tools developed to measure the new concept of reading cultures. This includes a survey questionnaire that introduced novel questions alongside established indicators. Reading is defined and measured through six distinct dimensions: reading purpose, habits, volume, depth, motivation, and identity. The expanded understanding of reading purpose includes reading for information, communication, and enjoyment. At an ecosystem level, the National Reading Barometer was applied to visualise data from the National Reading Survey and secondary data on reading ability, access to reading material, and enabling environmental indicators to provide a baseline for high-level longitudinal trends in the national reading environment.Results: The National Reading Barometer and National Reading Survey assisted to redefine the debate on reading cultures by providing evidence-based descriptions of varied reading cultures and situating these within the reading ecosystem.Conclusion: We conclude by proposing how this revised concept of reading cultures and the new tools for measuring impact may open research and policy advocacy opportunities in the literacy sector.Contribution: This article contributes a pluralistic, Afrocentric, and modernised understanding of reading cultures.

Factors Leading to the Acceptance of Management Information System in Public Schools: A Path Analysis

The study aimed to determine the factors leading to the acceptance of management information systems in public schools. There were 300 Public school Teachers who participated in the study. They were selected using random sampling. The structural factors were management support, social influence, personal IT innovativeness, and convenience. The dependent variable was the acceptance of the management information system indicated by perceived usefulness and ease of use. The research employed a quantitative, non-experimental design and descriptive-path Analysis approach. The face-to-face data collection process was utilized using a standardized instrument. The statistical tools used were mean, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and path analysis. The findings of the study showed that the structural variables of Management Information System (MIS) such as management support, social influence, personal IT innovativeness, and convenience yielded very high-level results. Similarly, the acceptance of MIS in terms of perceived usefulness and ease of use yielded a very high level of acceptance. Furthermore, the perceived structural variables are significantly related to the use of MIS. Finally, the Path analysis revealed a significant relationship between various factors and the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of MIS.

Confounded Local Inference: Extending Local Moran Statistics to Handle Confounding

Local statistical analysis has long been of interest to social and environmental scientists who analyze geographic data. Research into local spatial statistics experienced a step-change in the mid-1990s, which provided a large class of local statistical methods and models. The local Moran statistic is one commonly used local indicator of spatial association, able to detect both areas of similarity and observations that are very dissimilar from their surroundings. From this, many further local statistics have been developed to characterize spatial clusters and outliers. These statistics have seen limited adoption because they do not sufficiently model the relationships involved in confounded spatial data, where the analyst seeks to understand the local spatial structure of a given outcome variable that is influenced by one or more additional factors. Recent innovations used to do joint multivariate local analysis also do not model this kind of conditional local structure in data. This article provides tools to rigorously characterize confounded local inference and a new and different class of multivariate conditional local Moran statistics that can account for confounding. To do this, we return to the Moran scatterplot as the critical tool for local Moran-style covariance statistics. Extending this concept, a new method is available directly from a “Moran-form” multiple regression. We show the empirical and theoretical properties of this statistic, show how some existing heuristic approaches arise naturally from this framework, and show how the use of conditional inference can change interpretations in an empirical analysis of rent and housing stock in a rapidly changing neighborhood.

Describing physical and sports activity in France: Review of the questionnaires of three national surveys

The present article focuses on the questionnaires of three national surveys on physical and sports practises in France in 1985, 2000 and 2010 (as 2020 has just been completed, the documentation is not yet available). Applying the process of the history of science, it analyzes the list of questions asked for each survey and the connected documentation, with the aim of identifying the descriptive intentions behind the drawing up of each questionnaire. The article demonstrates that there existed three descriptive goals that followed one another : tastes and ways of life (1985 questionnaire), the evolution of individually-organized sports practices (2000 questionnaire) and the standardization of a statistical tool including important ministerial preoccupations (2010). On the one hand, it draws the conclusion that translating an institutional request into a survey questionnaire always implies a mismatch. On the other hand, it also draws the conclusion that in France the national survey has evolved from being a descriptive academic tool of physical and sports practices to being a more multi-purpose descriptive tool that today gives an important role to concerns regarding management of physical and sports activities.

Bayesian and Frequentist Approaches to Rescuing Disrupted Trials: A Report from the NISS Ingram Olkin Forum Series on Unplanned Clinical Trial Disruptions

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted clinical trials in ways never expected. However, similar challenges should now be expected going forward. These challenges made us aware of statistical problems arising from other types of disruptions that had not previously captured the attention of the statistical community. This article describes some frequentist and Bayesian statistical tools that can be used with future disruptions and illuminates issues that could benefit from more statistical research. Disruptions may threaten a clinical trial’s validity. Here, we address two resultant challenges: (a) performing an unplanned analysis with options to stop and/or change the sample size; and (b) changes in the study population that are observable or unobservable at the patient level. Different paradigms lead to different ways of doing things, but many statisticians work exclusively within a Bayesian or frequentist paradigm. We propose and provide side-by-side descriptions of Bayesian and frequentist approaches to dealing with these challenges. An illustrative phase III trial aims to compare second-line therapies for type 2 diabetes. We compare and contrast Bayesian and frequentist coping strategies assuming the trial was interrupted due to COVID-19, focusing on Type I error control and the expected loss from a specific utility function.

Effect of Recent Antirheumatic Drug on Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

In this study, we examine how advancements in novel antirheumatic drugs affect the clinicopathologic features of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this multicenter study across 53 hospitals in Japan, we characterized patients with RA who developed LPDs and visited the hospitals between January 1999 and March 2021. The statistical tools used included Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, the log-rank test, logistic regression analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 752 patients with RA-associated LPD (RA-LPD) and 770 with sporadic LPD were included in the study. We observed significant differences in the clinicopathologic features between patients with RA-LPD and those with sporadic LPD. Histopathological analysis revealed a high frequency of LPD-associated immunosuppressive conditions. Furthermore, patients with RA-LPD were evaluated based on the antirheumatic drugs administered. The methotrexate (MTX) plus tacrolimus and MTX plus tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) groups had different affected site frequencies and histologic subtypes than the MTX-only group. Moreover, MTX and TNFi may synergistically affect susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection. In case of antirheumatic drugs administered after LPD onset, tocilizumab (TCZ)-only therapy was associated with lower frequency of regrowth after spontaneous regression than other regimens. Antirheumatic drugs administered before LPD onset may influence the clinicopathologic features of RA-LPD, with patterns changing over time. Furthermore, TCZ-only regimens are recommended after LPD onset.

A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis of Hymenoplasty: Profiles From a Specialized Gynecological Cosmetic Surgery Practice.

Hymenoplasty, the surgical hymen reconstruction, is on the rise in Turkey, reflecting the enduring importance of virginity rooted in sociocultural and religious beliefs. Demographic factors shape women's decisions for this procedure. A seven-year retrospective analysis of 4259 patient records at a private clinic explores motivations and societal pressures, emphasizing the need for understanding and support amidst the cultural fixation on virginity. This investigation delves into multifaceted perceptions around virginity and hymenoplasty in Turkey, examining the impact of sociocultural and religious beliefs on women's decisions. It also explores demographic influences, offering insights into the societal and cultural backdrop of hymenoplasty. A retrospective analysis of 4259 patient records (2015-2022) at a private clinic was conducted, meticulously analyzing data for demographics and shared decision-making dynamics using statistical tools. In the examined cohort (83.3%), permanent hymenoplasty was prevalent among individuals aged 14-49, with 58.6% being engaged and seeking the procedure a week before marriage. Notably, 91.0% were accompanied by friends during consultations, and a minority disclosed childbirth history or forced intercourse experiences. An increasing trend in first-time and post-assault hymenoplasty procedures was observed in 2021. Geographically, the majority resided in Istanbul, representing all Turkish regions. Additional procedures like vaginoplasty were common, with mostly successful postprocedural outcomes and minor complications. This study highlights the enduring social importance of virginity in Turkey, emphasizing hymenoplasty as a coping strategy for psychological and societal challenges. It calls for comprehensive patient support and societal progress in respecting women's bodily autonomy, urging a shift away from the cultural fixation on virginity.

Association of VEGF+936 C/T Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)+936 C/T polymorphism and the risk of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (T2DR) by a method of meta-analysis. Six online databases were queried to identify studies investigating the VEGF+936 C/T polymorphism that influenced T2DR up to August 2023. The statistical tool of the pooled data was adopted using Stata 15.0 software. The experimental group comprised patients with T2DR, while patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy were considered as the controls. The odds ratio (OR) was utilized as effect size. Eight eligible publications were identified in this review, including 1546 patients with T2DR. The combined results revealed that the VEGF+936 C/T polymorphism was significantly associated with the T2DR risk under the allelic (C/T: OR=0.54, p<0.001), the dominant (CC+CT/TT: OR=0.37, p<0.001), recessive (CC/CT+TT: OR=0.52, p=0.001), homozygous (CC/TT: OR=0.31, p<0.001), and heterozygous (CT/TT: OR=0.55, p=0.005) gene models. No significant correlation was observed regarding the VEGF+936 C/T polymorphism that contributed to the risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) versus non-PDR. In conclusion, the VEGF+936 C/T polymorphism significantly contributed to the T2DR risk. Specifically, at the VEGF+936 C/T locus, the presence of allele C and genotypes CC, CT, and CC+CT were found to be associated with a reduced risk of T2DR.

Improving The Grade 7 Students’ Problem-Solving Skills In Physics Through ReGiFoSoFi Method

This action research aimed to find out if the use of ReGiFoSoFi Method is effective in improving the problem-solving skills of the 30 students of Grade 7-Amethyst of Dr. Ricardo Gacula Memorial National High School during the Academic Year 2022-2023. This action research made use of the One Group Pre-Test Post-Test research design in determining the level of problem-solving skills of the respondents before and after the utilization of ReGiFoSoFi Method. The data gathering instrument utilized in this action research was a 40-point teacher-made test which is composed of a 15-item multiple choice and a five-item problem solving with the use of a rubric in checking. For the analysis and interpretation of the results, the statistical tools frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, t-test, and gain ratio were used. Based on the findings, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions: (1) the level of problem-solving skills of Grade 7-Amethyst in Physics improved from Very Poor to Very Satisfactory, (2) ReGiFoSoFi Method is an effective strategy in improving the problem-solving skills of Grade 7-Amethyst in Physics, and (3) there is a good increase in the post-test scores of the students after the implementation of ReGiFoSoFi Method. Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are set forth: (1) The school administrators may continue to encourage their teachers to attend training and workshops concerning strategies and methods in teaching science, for them to formulate new strategies to improve the skills of the students like ReGiFoSoFi for problem-solving skills in physics, (2) the science Teachers may adopt ReGiFoSoFi Method in teaching physics-related problems, (3) the students may engage themselves on the proper and systematic way of solving a problem using ReGiFoSoFi Method, and (4) a further study may be concluded using ReGiFoSoFi Method in teaching other physics-related topics to a wider and different group of respondents. Keywords: ReGiFoSoFi Method, Problem-Solving Skills, Physics

A Study on Agri-preneurial Behaviour of Kalanamak Rice Growers in Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Kalanamak rice, hailed for its nutritional potency and health benefits, presents a promising avenue for alleviating these challenges. This study, titled “A Study on Agri- preneurial Behaviour of Kalanamak Rice Growers in Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India,” delves into this potential within the precincts of Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar district. The investigation hones in on two blocks – Birdpur in Siddharth Nagar, and Santha in Sant Kabir Nagar. Methodologically rigorous, the study selected six villages from each block and engaged with a total of 120 Kalanamak growers. Data collection unfurled through personalized interviews, facilitated by a meticulously crafted questionnaire. To unravel patterns and nuances, statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation orchestrated the classification of data. The coefficient of correlation `r` was invoked to fathom the interplay between Kalanamak growers` attributes, their knowledge, and their adoption of Kalanamak rice. Analysis of the respondent demographics spotlighted several noteworthy trends. A preponderance (70.83%) emerged from the middle age group, with educational attainments peaking at the middle school (34.17%). In terms of occupation, 45% were engaged in agriculture, The agrarian landscape was marked by a significant representation from the Other Backward Classes (OBC) category (49.17%), Landholding skewed towards the smaller end (49.17%), Family dynamics, as reflected in size and structure, were characterized by medium level (64.17% and 90.83%, respectively).